What is the primary purpose of a grit chamber in wastewater treatment?

The primary purpose of a grit chamber in wastewater treatment is to collect and remove heavy solids that are present in the influent wastewater. Grit chambers are specifically designed to allow the heavier particles, such as sand, gravel, and other inorganic materials, to settle out of the wastewater stream due to gravity. This process is essential because these heavy solids can cause operational issues in downstream processes, such as pumps and biological treatment systems, by leading to wear and tear or clogging.

By removing these solids early in the treatment process, grit chambers help to protect more sensitive components of the wastewater treatment system, ensuring that biological processes function effectively and that the overall treatment efficiency is maximized. The removal of grit also minimizes the risk of increased maintenance needs and helps maintain the longevity of the infrastructure. This functionality is why the correct answer focuses on the collection and removal of heavy solids.