Which of the following strategies is commonly used to manage and treat wastewater effectively?

Sequential batch treatment is a commonly used strategy for managing and treating wastewater effectively due to its ability to handle variations in influent quality and quantity. This method operates in discrete batches, which allows for treating different batches of wastewater in a controlled manner, optimizing the treatment process for each batch's specific characteristics.

This approach can enhance the efficiency of the biological and chemical processes involved in wastewater treatment, such as nutrient removal and disinfection. By processing wastewater in sequential batches, operators can closely monitor and adjust parameters, leading to improved treatment outcomes. The ability to operate in phases also allows for flexibility in responding to changes in wastewater volume or composition, thereby maximizing treatment efficiency and meeting regulatory requirements.

While the other options present valid wastewater management techniques, they do not possess the same level of adaptability or effectiveness in handling varying wastewater conditions as sequential batch treatment does. For instance, gravity filtration relies on physical separation, which may not be sufficient for all contaminants, and UV exposure primarily focuses on disinfection rather than overall treatment. Active composting is more suited to organic waste management than to comprehensive wastewater treatment.