Which scenario is likely to lead to pump failure?

Running with low discharge pressure can indeed lead to pump failure for several reasons. When a pump operates with insufficient discharge pressure, it may not be able to maintain the required flow rate, which can result in cavitation. Cavitation occurs when the pressure in the pump falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid, leading to the formation of vapor bubbles. These bubbles can collapse violently as they pass into areas of higher pressure, causing significant damage to the pump components.

Additionally, low discharge pressure can indicate that the pump is not properly matched to the system, leading to inefficiencies and excessive wear. This situation can cause overheating and potential thermal damage, further compromising the pump's integrity over time. Therefore, maintaining appropriate discharge pressure is critical for the longevity and reliability of pump operations.